However, these formations are parallel to the original "metaphysics" and "metaphysical", that is, as a prefix to general nouns (fields of study) or adjectives. The Oxford English Dictionary cites uses of the meta- prefix as "beyond, about" (such as meta-economics and meta-philosophy) going back to 1917. The use of the prefix was later extended to other contexts, based on the understanding of metaphysics as meaning "the science of what is beyond the physical". Nonetheless, Aristotle's Metaphysics enunciates considerations of a nature above physical reality, which one can examine through certain philosophy – for example, the existence of God. However, even Latin writers misinterpreted this as entailing metaphysics constituted "the science of what is beyond the physical". In origin Metaphysics was just the title of one of the principal works of Aristotle it was so named (by Andronicus of Rhodes) because in the customary ordering of the works of Aristotle it was the book following Physics it thus meant nothing more than " after Physics". Its use in English is the result of back-formation from the word "metaphysics". The Greek preposition is cognate with the Old English preposition mid "with", still found as a prefix in midwife. The earliest form of the word "meta" is the Mycenaean Greek me-ta, written in Linear B syllabic script. Other meanings include "beyond", "adjacent" and "self", and it is also used in the forms μετ- before vowels and μεθ- "meth-" before aspirated vowels. The prefix comes from the Greek preposition and prefix meta- (μετα-), from μετά, which means "after", "beside", "with", "among" (with respect to the preposition, some of these meanings were distinguished by case marking). In linguistics, grammar is considered to be a metalanguage: a language operating on a higher level to describe properties of the plain language, and not itself. Abstraction and self-reference Īn example of self-referential humor on a wall in Paris, which requires an understanding of both the text and the transcending context through which the text is read.Īny subject can be said to have a metatheory, a theoretical consideration of its properties – such as its foundations, methods, form, and utility – on a higher level of abstraction. poker or chess, are also often referred to as metagames. According to Nigel Howard, this type of metagame is defined as a decision-making process that is derived from the analysis of possible outcomes in relation to external variables that change a problem. Such metagames include campaign role-playing games like Halo 3. One can play this type of metagame and choose which rules apply during the game itself, potentially changing the level of difficulty. Metagaming can also refer to a game that is used to create or change the rules while playing a game. This type of metagaming is often frowned upon in many role-playing game communities because it impairs game balance and equality of opportunity. In role-playing games, this means that someone with a higher level of knowledge is playing that is, that the player incorporates factors that are outside the actual framework of the game – the player has knowledge that was not acquired through experiencing the game, but through external sources. However, it has a different meaning depending on the context. "Metagaming", accordingly, refers to games about games. In a rule-based system, a metarule is a rule governing the application of other rules. The modern sense of "an X about X" has given rise to concepts like " meta-cognition" (cognition about cognition), " meta-emotion" (emotion about emotion), " meta-discussion" (discussion about discussion), " meta-joke" (joke about jokes), and " metaprogramming" (writing programs that write programs). In psychology, metamemory refers to an individual's knowledge about whether or not they would remember something if they concentrated on recalling it. In a database, metadata is also data about data stored in a data dictionary, describing information (data) about database tables such as the table name, table owner, details about columns, etc. For example, metadata is data about data (who has produced them, when, what format the data are in and so on). In epistemology, and often in common use, the prefix meta- is used to mean about (its own category). For example, the term Metatheria (the name for the clade of marsupial mammals) uses the prefix meta- in the sense that the Metatheria occur on the tree of life adjacent to the Theria (the placental mammals). The use of the prefix in this sense occurs occasionally in scientific English terms derived from Greek. In Greek, the prefix meta- is generally less esoteric than in English Greek meta- is equivalent to the Latin words post- or ad. ( August 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
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